Anticoncepción en la población gitana residente en dos barrios con bajo nivel de renta de Barcelona / Contraception in the Roma population living in two low-income neighborhoods of Barcelona (Spain)

Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y el uso de anticonceptivos y de servicios sanitarios en la población gitana de dos barrios de renta baja de Barcelona (2011-2015). Método: Estudio de metodología mixta en el ámbito comunitario. 1) Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Entrevista con cuestionario a una muestra de residentes en edad fértil. Comparación del conocimiento y el uso de anticonceptivos y de servicios según etnia y sexo con modelos ajustados de regresión logística para obtener odds ratios ajustadas (ORa) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). 2) Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con método etnográfico. Entrevista a 10 residentes de etnia gitana y tres profesionales de salud para explorar aspectos de anticoncepción, familia y roles. Análisis narrativo de discurso de los textos. Resultados: Participaron 834 personas, de las que un 11,8% se autoidentificaron como gitanas. Las mujeres gitanas utilizaban más que las no gitanas la ligadura tubárica (ORa: 3,0; IC95%: 1,3-7) y el implante (ORa: 4,9; IC95%: 3,1-72), y conocían mejor el dispositivo intrauterino (ORa: 2,4; IC95%: 1,4-4,1), la obstrucción tubárica (ORa: 3,3; IC95%: 1,1-9,9) y los inyectables (ORa: 2,4; IC95%: 1,3-4,4). Los hombres gitanos utilizaban más frecuentemente la retirada (ORa: 3,6; IC95%: 1,3-10), práctica corroborada en el estudio cualitativo. Ambas poblaciones utilizaban similarmente la anticoncepción de emergencia y los servicios sanitarios. En la población gitana, la anticoncepción y la reproducción son responsabilidad de las mujeres. Aunque el aborto está culturalmente penalizado en la comunidad gitana, las mujeres gitanas lo utilizan, pero lo afrontan en soledad. Conclusiones: El género emergió como un determinante transversal en los aspectos explorados. En la población gitana el control reproductivo sigue siendo una responsabilidad femenina. Una vez completada la familia, las mujeres gitanas usan anticonceptivos de larga duración. Ambas poblaciones utilizan los servicios sanitarios

Objective: To describe the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods and health services in the Roma population (Kale/Spanish Gitanos) of two low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona (2011-2015). Method: Mixed. Community setting. 1) Descriptive cross-sectional study. We interviewed with a questionnaire a sample of residents of childbearing age. We compared the knowledge and use of contraception and services by ethnic self-identification and sex with adjusted logistic regression models to obtain adjusted odds ratio (ORa) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 2) Qualitative descriptive study with ethnographic method. We interviewed 10 Roma residents and three health professionals to explore aspects of contraception, family and roles. We performed a narrative analysis of discourse from the recorded texts. Results: 834 people participated, with an 11.8% self-identified Roma population. With regard to the non-Roma population, more Roma women used tubal ligation (ORa: 3.0; 95%CI: 1.3-7)] and implant (ORa:4.9; 95%CI: 3.1-72), and had better knowledge of IUD (ORa: 2,4; 95%CI: 1,4-4,1), tubal obstruction (ORa: 3,3; 95%CI: 1,1-9,9) and injectables (ORa: 2,4; 95%CI: 1.3-4.4). Roma men used withdrawal more frequently (ORa: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.3-10), a practice confirmed in the qualitative study. Both communities used emergency contraception and health services. In the Roma population, contraception and reproduction are in the hands of women. As abortion is culturally penalized in the Roma population, women use it, but they face it alone. Conclusions: Gender emerged as a cross-cutting determinant in all issues explored. In the Roma population reproductive control and contraception remain the responsibility of women. Once the family is complete, Roma women use long-term contraception. Both populations use health services

[Contraception in the Roma population living in two low-income neighborhoods of Barcelona (Spain)]. / Anticoncepción en la población gitana residente en dos barrios con bajo nivel de renta de Barcelona.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods and health services in the Roma population (Kale/Spanish Gitanos) of two low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona (2011-2015). METHOD: Mixed. Community setting. 1) Descriptive cross-sectional study. We interviewed with a questionnaire a sample of residents of childbearing age. We compared the knowledge and use of contraception and services by ethnic self-identification and sex with adjusted logistic regression models to obtain adjusted odds ratio (ORa) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 2) Qualitative descriptive study with ethnographic method. We interviewed 10 Roma residents and three health professionals to explore aspects of contraception, family and roles. We performed a narrative analysis of discourse from the recorded texts. RESULTS: 834 people participated, with an 11.8% self-identified Roma population. With regard to the non-Roma population, more Roma women used tubal ligation (ORa: 3.0; 95%CI: 1.3-7)] and implant (ORa:4.9; 95%CI: 3.1-72), and had better knowledge of IUD (ORa: 2,4; 95%CI: 1,4-4,1), tubal obstruction (ORa: 3,3; 95%CI: 1,1-9,9) and injectables (ORa: 2,4; 95%CI: 1.3-4.4). Roma men used withdrawal more frequently (ORa: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.3-10), a practice confirmed in the qualitative study. Both communities used emergency contraception and health services. In the Roma population, contraception and reproduction are in the hands of women. As abortion is culturally penalized in the Roma population, women use it, but they face it alone. CONCLUSIONS: Gender emerged as a cross-cutting determinant in all issues explored. In the Roma population reproductive control and contraception remain the responsibility of women. Once the family is complete, Roma women use long-term contraception. Both populations use health services.

Efectos de una intervención de consejo anticonceptivo en adolescentes de barrios desfavorecidos con alta proporción de inmigrantes / Effects of a contraceptive counselling intervention in adolescents from deprived neighbourhoods with a high proportion of immigrants

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de consejo contraceptivo en adolescentes según sexo y origen. Métodos: Diseño pre-post con entrevista a los 3 meses. Participaron adolescentes de tres barrios desfavorecidos de Barcelona que recibieron una intervención de consejo contraceptivo. Se compararon el uso de contracepción en la última relación sexual, y diversos conocimientos, creencias y autoeficacias, estratificando por sexo y origen (autóctono o inmigrante), con pruebas de McNemar y ji2. Resultados: 138 adolescentes completaron el seguimiento (76%). El 55% eran chicas, el 85% tenían 16-19 años y el 71% eran inmigrantes. Tras la intervención mejoraron los conocimientos y diversas autoeficacias. El uso de contracepción efectiva aumentó en todos los grupos. En la muestra total, el uso de preservativo aumentó un 5,4% y la ausencia de método se redujo un 7,7%. Conclusiones: Tras la intervención mejoró el uso de contracepción y sus determinantes en los adolescentes, particularmente en los inmigrantes (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a contraceptive counselling intervention among adolescents by sex and origin. Methods :A pre-post study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted in adolescents from three disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Participants received a counselling session at a community centre. Contraception use at last intercourse and knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy before and after the intervention were compared with ji2 and McNemar tests, stratified by sex and origin (autochthonous or immigrant). Results: A total of 138 (76%) participants completed the follow-up. Fifty-five percent of the participants were girls, 85% were aged 16-19 years and 71% were immigrants. Knowledge and several self-efficacies increased after the intervention. Condom use increased by 5.4% and the proportion not using any method declined by 7.7%. Conclusions: Contraceptive counselling in the community setting increased the use of contraception and improved psychosocial determinants, especially in immigrant adolescents (AU)

[Effects of a contraceptive counselling intervention in adolescents from deprived neighbourhoods with a high proportion of immigrants]. / Efectos de una intervención de consejo anticonceptivo en adolescentes de barrios desfavorecidos con alta proporción de inmigrantes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a contraceptive counselling intervention among adolescents by sex and origin. METHODS: A pre-post study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted in adolescents from three disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Participants received a counselling session at a community centre. Contraception use at last intercourse and knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy before and after the intervention were compared with χ(2) and McNemar tests, stratified by sex and origin (autochthonous or immigrant). RESULTS: A total of 138 (76%) participants completed the follow-up. Fifty-five percent of the participants were girls, 85% were aged 16-19 years and 71% were immigrants. Knowledge and several self-efficacies increased after the intervention. Condom use increased by 5.4% and the proportion not using any method declined by 7.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive counselling in the community setting increased the use of contraception and improved psychosocial determinants, especially in immigrant adolescents.